Communication and Assessment in Nursing Essay

The structure of this article is intended to show the significance of relationship focused correspondence. Anyway it will start with a short meaning of the basic ideas natural for the subject of helpful correspondence, unmistakable remedial medical caretaker tolerant relationship. From there on, it will concentrate on verbal and nonverbal correspondence, tuning in, getting, compassion and significant parts of classification and protection. IntroJust as science sciences were received as the twentieth century clinical model, patient’s point of view into a relationship-focused correspondence has been recommended as proper for the 21st century. It is the clinical exchange that gives the principal vehicle through which the skirmish of points of view is pursued and the restorative relationship is characterized (Roter D. 2000). In numerous respects, the essential test to the field is the improvement of remedial correspondence that will give a legitimate portrayal of the helpful relationship (Craven and Hirnle 2000). The reason for this article is to investigate the ramifications of helpful correspondences in the idea of the patient-nurture relationship and its appearance in routine of clinical practice. Remedial correspondence is characterized as the eye to eye procedure of interfacing that centers around propelling the physical and enthusiastic prosperity of a patient (http://tpub.com/content/clinical ). Correspondence is a fundamental procedure while giving socially skilled nursing care and it must be helpful in nature to be compelling. It includes the utilization of strategies, for example, utilizing quiet, offering self, rehashing, reflecting, and looking for explanation to give some examples. Restorative correspondence includes showing a certifiable enthusiasm for the individual conveying that is exhibited trough the utilization of a loose and agreeable body pose. Helpful correspondence requires the parts of compassion, positive respect, and a positive feeling of self (Craven and Hirnle 2000). In any case, no single definition might catch the rich and complex natureâ of the connections among patients and medical caretakers. Every relationship is unmistakable, on the grounds that both patient and medical caretaker are particular and the manner in which they communicate and relate is special (Parbury 2006). The remedial medical attendant/customer relationship remains at the center of wellbeing nursing. Through the foundation of this relationship, medical caretakers are unmistakably fit as specialists to lead customers toward achieving their wellbeing objectives (Parbury 2006). Restorative connections among patients and attendants are framed in most of circumstances. In this kind of connections nurse’s point of view is basically that the patient is a patient, however there is likewise acknowledgment and comprehension of the patient as the individual (Parbury 2006). There are not many similitudes between the restorative relationship and fellowship. It’s imperative to both to have worth, agreeableness, trust, care, genuineness and regard. A few contrasts in qualities and mentalities can ruin both just as poor correspondence procedures. A sentiment of fulfillment is imperative to both and furthermore transference (includes customers emotions and acting toward the advisor as they did to others previously, mother/father for instance) can happen in both ( Craven and Hirnle 2000). Let’s investigate contrasts between the remedial relationship and companionship. Agreement. An agreement certain on abuse is typically haggled among customer and laborers and may incorporate installment together they concur on. Cutoff points are set while in companionship there is generally no financial prize or agreements traded (Craven and Hirnle 2000). Points. In helping relationship there are explicit objectives. Companionship then again, doesn't generally have settled upon objectives, it’s typically unconstrained. Core interest. Helpee’s needs are the focal point of consideration in the helping relationship-the assistant transiently sets aside close to home needs. Interestingly, companionship for the most part implies that common needs are met in sharing manner (Beck and Polite 2004). Time. Remedial relationship require time that is arranged, restricted and now and then booked. What's more time is limited and maybe haggled by an agreement. Time in companionships is for the most part unconstrained and will in general have less cutoff points (Parbury 2006). Objectivity. Restorative connections necessitate that the aide endeavors to be objective, and to act in client’s eventual benefits. Objectivity is generally incomprehensible in companionships because of the way that personal responsibility is to a great extent central (Gladys, Husted and Husted 2001)Acceptance. The assistant attempts to acknowledge the customer in remedial relationship consequently can comprehend the conduct of forcing worth and decisions. Then again kinships for the most part end when contrasts in qualities or interests become excessively extraordinary. After effectively tuning in to a patient it is normal for a medical attendant to react verbally. The nurse’s introductory verbal reactions set the course for additional association. Since there is an assortment of potential approaches to react, medical attendants must guarantee that their verbal reactions move the relationship an ideal and expected way (Parbury 2006). Decision of the reaction depends on understanding into how it might influence the patient, the association and the relationship. A medical attendant who has this understanding and mindfulness is in the best situation to react in the way that the two matches the present circumstance and understands the response’s wanted goal (Parbury 2006). Nonverbal reactions are significant and the capacity to perceive and decipher this sort of reactions relies on predictable advancement of perception abilities. As we keep on developing in our job and duties in the medicinal services group, both clinical information and comprehension of human conduct will likewise develop (Beck and Polit 2000). Our development in both information and understanding will add to our capacity to perceive and decipher numerous sorts of nonverbal correspondence. Our affectability in tuning in with our eyes will become as refined as though worse than-tuning in with our ears (Roter 2000). Most as often as possible, the relationship and correspondence among tolerant and nurseâ begins with a meeting, during which the attendant gathers appropriate information about the patient (Parbury 2006). The adequacy of a meeting is impacted by both the measure of data and the level of inspiration controlled by the patient (Parbury 2006). Components that improve the nature of a meeting comprise of the participant’s information regarding the matter viable; his understanding, demeanor, and listening aptitudes; and our consideration regarding both verbal and nonverbal prompts. Politeness, understanding, and nonjudgmental mentalities must be common objectives of both the interviewee and the questioner (Roter 2000). Understanding a patient’s experience, that is, seeing the world from patient’s point of view is one of the most fundamental parts of interfacing and building connections in nursing (Parbury 2006). In tolerant attendant relationship it is the nurse’s obligation to make shared understanding simpler, which would be the premise of important association. Shared comprehension requires time, exertion, responsibility and expertise. It very well may be trying for one individual to comprehend and value another person’s reality. Tuning in and compelling going to would offer capacity to the attendant to build up a comprehension of the patient’s experience (Parbury 2006). Successful listening shows open acknowledgment of the patient, and urges the patient to interface. Tuning in to the patient and observing how he tunes in. Seeing how he gives and gets both verbal and nonverbal reactions. At the point when medical caretakers tune in, simply tune in, they give cautious consideration to what they hear and watch, they center around what is communicated by the patient and they attempt to figure out what the patient is meaning. Compelling listening requires receptivity, supported focus and adroit perception. The aptitude of listening is major and essential to persistent attendant relationship (Ooijen 2000). Listening pervades the whole relationship; if significant relational associations are to happen, listening must be occupied with all through each connection in helpful relationship (Parbury 2006). The aptitudes of explanation are utilized at whatever point medical caretakers are questionable or uncertain about what patients are stating. Explanation is regularly accomplished trough the utilization of testing abilities. On occasion a rehashing of what a patient has said is a powerful methods for explaining (Parbury 2006). Different occasions, attendants explain what a patient has said by sharing how they may feel, think and see the circumstance in the event that they were the patient. Reflecting sentiments is valuable as well, since it passes on the nurse’s acknowledgment of emotions and affirms the presence of feelings. At the point when used to gather data, helpful correspondence requires a lot of affectability just as ability in utilizing talking with aptitudes (Roter 2000). To guarantee the ID and explanation of the patient’s musings and sentiments, we, as the questioners, must watch his conduct. By utilizing the abilities of understanding attendants can show up at comprehending what patient is encountering and along these lines are in a superior situation to be sympathetic. Sympathy is the capacity to see the world from another person’s view, and assume the point of view of another, while not losing one’s own viewpoint (Parbury 2006). The capacity to enter to another person’s experience to see it precisely and to see how the circumstance is seen from the client’s viewpoint is significant in helpful correspondence. By utilizing restorative correspondence, we endeavor to learn as much as possible about the patient according to his sickness. To achieve this learning, both the sender and the collector must be deliberately mindful of the secrecy of the data unveiled and got during the commu

Travel Writing 101

Travel Writing 101 A great deal of independent essayists fantasy about breaking into movement news coverage. Who doesn’t need to see the world and get paid for the benefit? The vast majority of us can be categorized as one of two camps. We either think travel news coverage is simple and anybody can do it, or we think it’s an inconceivable dream. Reality lies some place in the center. Notwithstanding various master sightseeing publications and sites around the world, by far most of which use consultants to give content, most national papers and way of life distributions likewise have travel segments. By and large, this is a ton of business sectors you could be composing for. Think about a point, with one eye on current patterns, clearly based around a particular goal (the more off in an unexpected direction the better †there are just such a large number of articles about Paris or New York City a distribution needs) and pitch away until you get a commission. Remember editors will commonly be progressively responsive to full fledged thoughts that hold fast to their contributor’s rules and fit their current organization. At that point, you can begin arranging. Review a nitty gritty agenda posting everything from how you intend to arrive and where you are going to remain, to exercises and air terminal exchanges. Continuously check nearby occasions postings and attempt to amplify your time Presently the difficult work starts. Utilize your recently gained bonus as influence to move toward visit administrators, carriers, vehicle enlist organizations, lodgings, neighborhood civilities, organizations and vacation spots which could hypothetically opening into your timetable. Clarify that you would be glad to namecheck them in your article in return for a free ticket, a space for a night, or even a dinner, contingent upon what administration the business gives. Be cautioned, the potential supplier will probably need to see subtleties of the distribution you are composing for (dissemination, readership, segment, and so on.), evidence of commission (a short-headed letter from an authorizing supervisor will do the trick) and will require you to clarify how their administration or item will be coordinated into your element. To put it plainly, they will need to know whether working with you will merit their venture. This progression requires a great deal of legwork, however ideal ly, you ought to have the option to sponsor your excursion, if not pay for the entire thing. Except if you are a staff member, in the present atmosphere not many distributions are set up to pay contributor’s costs, yet it never damages to inquire. In the computerized age, most independent travel journalists have a huge web based life nearness and a blog. Some likewise have YouTube channels. Keeping up a blog and building an after requires some investment. Be that as it may, the familiar proverb ‘Sell it and they will come’ proves to be fruitful. In the event that you give an advantageous item and advance it well, perusers will discover you. How would you give a beneficial item? Make your posts significant, commonsense, and guarantee every ha a gem, some covered up or little-known certainty or chunk of information. Expect to fill a specialty, for example, going on a tight spending plan or being an independent voyager. Keep in mind, your blog is your exhibit. At the point when it has increased some footing, arm yourself with the fundamental details, for example, your complete devotees and site hits (screen captures are increasingly amazing) and approach the ensuing strides as you would if you’d won a commissi on from a national distribution. There are a couple of free stages you can use for blogging. I suggest WordPress or Wix. https://wordpress.com https://www.wix.com/ On the other hand, take a stab at reaching different offices, for example, universal vacationer sheets and other authority bodies. Present yourself and get some information about any limited time press trips. This is something nations do to support universal the travel industry. At that point you can pitch editors as indicated by what’s accessible. Do your best, and you could be composing your next task from a sea shore cottage in Madagascar.

Online Grocery Memberships Is it Worth it

Online Grocery Memberships Is it Worth it Online Grocery Memberships: Is it Worth it? Online Grocery Memberships: Is it Worth it?Feeling hungry? Grocery subscription models are making it easier, yet sometimes more costly, to get the shopping done.We all need food to sustain ourselves â€" that is, unless you are some sort of machine learning program scouring the internet to become a robotic financial advisor, in which case please be kind to us when your kind takes control.Robots and computers aside, we all live busy lives, and you may find it difficult to squeeze grocery store trips into your schedule. That is why online grocery delivery services have been gaining popularity. Some of those services offer a subscription model or membership.Are those offers worth it? Let us find out together!The upsidesParticular Pantry founder Jenna Coleman maintains that grocery delivery services can actually save money when used properly, despite the more obvious costs.“One of the biggest advantages of using a grocery delivery service is that you can see a running total of your groc eries, which makes it easier to make smart budget decisions,” Coleman explains. “Also, because you are shopping virtually, you do not have to run all over the store to find the items on your list or put things back if you realize you are going over budget.”The time you save using a delivery service also has value. You can use that time to earn money in other ways, handle tasks you would have otherwise spent money on to accomplish, or just relax (which also has value).Generally, purchasing a membership or subscription to an online delivery service means that you will pay a monthly or annual fee in place of a delivery fee per each order you make. This means you will need to use grocery delivery services with some frequency to make the subscription payments worth it.Beyond that, different subscriptions have different features.ConsiderationsThis is the section of this article in which we offer a not-at-all comprehensive list of grocery delivery subscriptions to give you some examp les before choosing to do your own research, if you should so desire.“All Amazon Prime members are eligible for Prime Pantry, with free shipping on every order of $35 or more,” says Beverly Friedmann, who works for consumer review site   ReviewingThis. “With Amazon Prime Pantry, benefits include online coupons and deals, easy bulk buying (with a massive inventory supply on the site), and less temptations to impulse-buy that you would find with regular grocery shopping. The site also offers subscribe-and-save options for household goods, where you can [earn a percentage off your purchase] off by using an automatic scheduled service.”Friedmann points out that Prime Pantry does not allow the delivery of perishables, which means you will need to use a different service when it comes to produce. Amazon has begun offering Prime Fresh; however it requires an additional cost on top of Prime and is only available in select cities.Amazon Prime subscribers in certain geographic areas a lso have access to Prime Now, which provides free food delivery services from your local Whole Foods.Instacart Express costs $9.99 per month or $99 for the whole year. It also allows you to skip the delivery fee on orders that are more than $35, which is apparently some industry standard. Because Instacart delivers from local supermarkets, you may have a limited selection,but you will be able to get your fresh fruit and vegetable fix.Peapod offers PodPass at various subscription tiers. For $119 per year, you can waive the delivery fee on orders that are more than $100. If you are willing to sacrifice some flexibility, you can pay $55 a year for PodPass Midweek, which only works on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.Where you live and how often you plan to use a subscription delivery service will determine which of these might make sense for you.The downsidesYou may decide to forego grocery delivery subscriptions.As you may have noticed, all of these subscription services still require a minimum delivery order. It makes sense for the service provider, so they can be certain they are not losing money by allowing many small deliveries; however, this model can enable bad financial habits for the user.“This leads you to have to add more items to your cart,” warns Dela Ainoo, personal finance blogger at Savvy Money Moms. “If you went to the store to make the purchase, the chances are that you would not have purchased the extra items.”Lisa Hugh, founder and CEO of Single Ingredient Groceries, emphasizes the ways in which delivery services can encourage healthier eating for those without a lot of spare time, but acknowledges that it can be a waste of money if it is not used often enough.As tends to be the case with our “Is It Worth It,” article series, the final decision will come down to your specific circumstances. At least, that has been the conclusion so far! We just hope we can help you make that choice.

Billy Collins Introduction To Poetry Analysis - 751 Words

What does it take to make a poem a poem worthwhile? Every now and then readers come across a poem, of course there’s certain things to help make that poem a good one. Some may say that Billy Collins poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is a fantastic poem, while some may not like it at all. So, let’s find out why some think it’s a fantastic poem. While Collins brings meaning to the poem â€Å"introduction to Poetry† through the use of form, tone, rhythm, and irony. All poems have a way of being written known as the form. The poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins is written in a metaphorical way. Collins used many different metaphors in his poem. The metaphors show that there is more in a poem than just the words. For example, when†¦show more content†¦The form of stanzas is what help and shape a poem. The stanzas in this poem are important because each stanza is a different metaphor of how poems should be looked at. Stanzas help writers to be able to write in short fragments throughout whatever it is they may be writing. Many different situations in this world have bits of irony in them, including poems. Billy Collins’ poem is a good poem to show an example of irony. Collins uses metaphors and similes which help him show irony. In that case, here’s an example of irony â€Å"but all they want to do is tie the poem to a chair with a rope and torture a confession out of it† (Collins lines 12-14). In that quote I feel as if it means we read a poem to find a meaning, instead of just reading the poem for casual fun. Of course, when I read a poem I also try to figure out what it means, but sometimes there’s not a meaning behind the poem other than just a short fictional fun thing to read. I believe the irony Collins is giving us is that yes, we should read the poem, enjoy it, then find a meaning to go along with the poem we just read. In conclusion every book, story, poem, movie or song has little bit of irony in it. While the one reading this should have learned a few things about the poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins. While the one reading this should have learned about form, tone, rhythm, and irony while reading this paper. While reading you can see how differentShow MoreRelatedBilly Collins Introduction To Poetry Analysis715 Words   |  3 PagesWhile reading the poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry,† Billy Collins sends a message to the readers that they should be patient and impartial when it comes to analyzing a poem in order to see the true meaning behind the without being over analytical. There is a revieting situation that takes place because Billy Collins is delivering his message to all readers about the way that one should be able to read a poem. This poems educates the reader on how to be able to read and plunge into a poem, through usingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Billy Collins 1333 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Poetry Billy Collins is known as one of the most popular, successful, and influential poets in American history. Collins is famously known for addressing his audience directly, mentally pulling them into the poem, and creating a temporary companionship with the reader. One of the prominent examples of this style of writing can be examined in his poem, Introduction to Poetry. In Billy Collins poem, Introduction to Poetry, he plays the role as a teacher, teaching the reader how toRead MorePoetry Analysis of Introduction to Poetry837 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry analysis of ‘Introduction to Poetry’ The Poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is by Billy Collins, an English poet, and it is about how teachers often force students to over-analyze poetry and to try decipher every possible meaning portrayed throughout the poem rather than allowing the students to form their own interpretation of the poem based on their own experiences. Throughout the poem, a number of literary devices are used. For example: â€Å"or press an ear against its hive†. Using this metaphorRead MoreThe Poem By Billy Collins1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins, is about a teacher explaining to her students how to read and analyze poetry. Collins employs an abundance of figurative language, especially metaphors and images, to express the progressive steps taken to understand a poem for all that it encompasses. When beginning to read a poem, first we must look at the bigger picture, like we are working from the outside of the poem to the inside. Once we begin to understand the storyline, we must dive furtherRead More Reflective Essay on College Writing839 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzed the many levels Conrad addressed in his story. I thought the endless paradoxes in the book, once brought to light, were actually very interesting. My favorite section, however, was the poetry unit. I really enjoyed the poem ?The Blues? by Billy Collins the most because of my respect for music. I think Collins really makes a point in his poem about just how important music is and how it allows people who are very different to connect on many levels. I also loved ?Love Calls Us to the Things of ThisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts

Alcoholism And Alcohol Addiction Has Become A National Crisis

Alcoholism and alcohol addiction has become a national crisis. In the United States approximately 62,000 men died un-necessarily as a result of alcohol abuse in 2014. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the fourth leading cause of preventable deaths with approximately 1.1 million men over the age of 18 currently receiving treatment for an AUD. Globally, the burden of alcohol abuse reflected 3.3 million deaths from consumption in 2012 alone. (NIH 2016). This case study of about a 66 year old male named Robert, who presents with long term alcohol abuse. Robert is married to Colleen for the last 44 years during which time they had two daughters. Robert is also a grandfather, brother and friend. His oldest daughter Harriet sought intervention†¦show more content†¦Robert was diagnosed with diabetes and prostrate problems (NIH 2016). More men than women use and abuse alcohol and drugs. Research indicates that 78% of men with an alcohol problem, have at least one other psychiatric condition (Capuzzi, Stauffer 2008). Biologically, one predisposed to addiction along with their environmental considerations during childhood, readies one to either become an addict or alcoholic or prepares them to withstand the influences. Harriet and her younger sister both have experienced untold influences due to their father’s drinking. Many adult children of alcoholics fear the loss of control in their own lives and try to control others through manipulation, fear or force. Very often adult children of alcoholics overdevelop their own sense of responsibility (ACA 2016). Harriet, sought out information on family intervention to help her father. She also held over him the possible loss of his seeing his grandchildren as motivation for his getting help.Taking care of her father by stepping up and making the call to a therapist for intervention is clearly an indication that Harriet has taken on the role of care taker in her family where chaos and uncertainly was the norm. She also contacted the residential treatment facility where her father eventually went, she made contact and with all the participants for the intervention, and she lead the way when the intervention group approached her father. The younger sister may have taken on the role

Bullying In the Schools Free Essays

In the past, these actions could be better controlled because they were limited to face-to-face interactions. In recent years, this age-old conflict has matched the pace of technological evolutions; making it more dangerous and harder to contain. Cell phones, social media sites, chat rooms, and other forms of technology have allowed bullying to expand into cyberspace. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying In the Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now This new form of bullying is known as accessibility. The word â€Å"bully’ can be traced back as far as the sass’s (Hindu Patching, 2009). In its most basic form, bullying involves two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. The bully abuses the victim through physical, verbal, or other means in order to gain a sense of superiority or power. These actions may be direct (I. E. Hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc. ) or indirect (I. E. Rumors, gossip). There is no clear cut reason why children become a bully, but some evidence shows that they tend to be involved in alcohol consumption and smoking, have poorer academic records than involved students, display a strong need for dominance, and show little empathy for their victims (Roberts Imports, 2000). Bullying may be means of increasing one’s own social status (Pipelining, 2001). A strong correlation appears to exist between bullying other students during the school years and experiencing legal or criminal troubles as adults (Pigskin, 2002). Bullying tends to peak in middle school because this is when kids start to physically develop and become more aware of their differences (Pomeranian Beer, 2013). Cliques begin to take shape and a social system develops that lays heavily on the desire of adolescents to fit in. Bullying usually occurs in the presence of peers, who can adopt a variety of roles, such as remaining neutral during a bullying incident, assisting and encouraging the bully, or aiding or consoling the victim (unfortunately the latter role is rarely adopted by children). The action of peers in the vicinity of bullying incidents typically support the bullying behavior rather than stop it (Sutton Smith, 1999). Most children do not want to intervene, being afraid they might be the next target Pigskin, 2002). The impact of being bullied can leave a devastating affect lasting into adulthood. Children and adolescents being bullied tend to have lower academic grades and low self-esteem. The extreme scones ounces are suicidal thoughts or thoughts of violent revenge. While grade school children tend to rely on parents and teachers for support, junior and high school children tend to leave them out and rely more of the support of their friends (Subtotals, 180). This makes it especially difficult to intervene, not knowing here is such an incident. Usually intervention comes too later when a child has decided to take his/her own life or take a weapon to school to prove they are a victim no more. Media attention has made this epidemic a national crisis. Parents and school officials are calling for law-makers to take action to deter or punish bullying. In order to control and prevent this in schools or in cyberspace, bullying should first be acknowledged as a significant and pervasive problem, and secondly school-based intervention programs need to be developed. How to cite Bullying In the Schools, Papers

Lottery By Shirley Jackson Essays (533 words) - Dystopian Literature

Lottery By Shirley Jackson While the setting of Shirley Jackson's, The Lottery, takes place on a clear, sunny, June day, it does not take long for the skies to turn gray as she introduces the readers to the black box. The black box is the central symbol of the short story. It suggest both death and necessity of change due to a combination of the passage of time and population expansion. The reference to the black box as a symbol of death can be seen in many instance's throughout the story. For example, when the box is first introduced, "the villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool ( which the box was placed on)." People are afraid and the distance they kept was not due to their fear of the box, but of what the box stood for . . . death. This point is further illustrated through the manner in which the box was stored. "The rest of the year, the box was put away, sometimes one place, sometimes another; it had spent one year in Mr. Grave's barn and another year underfoot in the post office, and sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there." Death is not something that people deal with everyday. Human beings deal with death very similar to the way that the towns people stored the black box. People place their experiences with death in different rooms and shelves of their hearts. The black box also symbolizes the need for a new tradition and the reluctance of the townspeople to accept change. The black box is a symbol of the lottery itself. The physical appearance of the box suggest that it was not only the black box that needed to be replaced but the tradition of the lottery. "The black box grew shabbier each year; by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained." As the physical appearance of the black box deteriorated so did the appropriateness of the tradition. Takash 2 Mr. Adams revealed in his conversation with Old Man Warner that many of the towns surrounding them had already ceased the lottery tradition and many more were in the process of discussing it, thus further proving that the lottery has lost its significance. In reply to Mr. Adams remarks, Old Man Warner says, "There's always been a lottery ." and "Nothing but trouble in that, pack of young fools." Old Man Warner's response to Mr. Adams exemplifies the unwillingness of the townspeople to change the tradition and the townspeople's failure to accept the need for change. The dark clouds that came into view when the box was first introduced become a full fledged storm at the conclusion of the story. The black box became the ultimate symbol of death as it is the very vechile that delivers the unfortunate winner's prize which is death by stoning. The storm of immoral and unethical actions is further propelled by the momentum that came from the townspeople's extreme degree of self interest. The terrible tradition was carried out once again. Instead of considering the effect that the tradition had on their fellow man they were grateful that the black box had blessed them with their own lives. As far as they were concerned the sky was blue and the sun was still shining.

The Quiet American essays

The Quiet American essays In Graham Greene's The Quiet American, Greene uses the characters Thomas Fowler and Alden Pyle to represent a greater picture. In the interactions among these characters, he is simplifying the situation in Vietnam into a personal model to be viewed. Graham Greene developed the attitudes and personalities of his characters almost to be a condensed legend of the countries they represented. In their actions, and opinions formed on them by others, was a reflection of the general feeling overall in Vietnam. Alden Pyle is the title quiet American sent to Vietnam with orders. Seemingly he is quiet because he is the innocent, neutral party coming to aid by selling plastic. He has a good reputation, and is very curt and proper. Naive is best to superficially describe his demeanor; he is only trying to help. But ignorance is probably better to this character for he does not realize the destruction he is causing and does not realize that he is more meddlesome than helpful. And that is exactly what Graham Greene is trying to portray this character's representation of the United States. Pyle as an individual reflects America as a whole as they were seen as ignorantly trying to interfere in Vietnam, being neutral. But actually harming in trying to help Pyle as a character and as the symbol of his country was portrayed of promising the Vietnamese things, trying to forge for them a new life they did not need nor understand. This is seen with his relationship with Phuong as he woos her away from Thomas Fowler with promises of skyscrapers and the Statue of Liberty. Phuong, can be seen as the innocent country Vietnam whose promising lands pose the stage for a war between the politics of greedier forces. Phuong and the majority of Vietnam, the peasants, know nothing but their simple existence. They farm their rice paddies; they sustain themselves- that is all they know. No matter who wins the war, how will it affect most ...

How to Conduct a Hypothesis Test in Statistics

How to Conduct a Hypothesis Test in Statistics The idea of hypothesis testing is relatively straightforward. In various studies, we observe certain events. We must ask, is the event due to chance alone, or is there some cause that we should be looking for? We need to have a way to differentiate between events that easily occur by chance and those that are highly unlikely to occur randomly. Such a method should be streamlined and well defined so that others can replicate our statistical experiments. There are a few different methods used to conduct hypothesis tests. One of these methods is known as the traditional method, and another involves what is known as a p-value. The steps of these two most common methods are identical up to a point, then diverge slightly. Both the traditional method for hypothesis testing and the p-value method are outlined below. The Traditional Method The traditional method is as follows: Begin by stating the claim or hypothesis that is being tested. Also, form a statement for the case that the hypothesis is false.Express both of the statements from the first step in mathematical symbols. These statements will use symbols such as inequalities and equals signs.Identify which of the two symbolic statements does not have equality in it. This could simply be a not equals sign, but could also be an is less than sign ( ). The statement containing inequality is called the alternative hypothesis and is denoted H1 or Ha.The statement from the first step that makes the statement that a parameter equals a particular value is called the null hypothesis, denoted H0.Choose which significance level that we want. A significance level is typically denoted by the Greek letter alpha. Here we should consider Type I errors. A Type I error occurs when we reject a null hypothesis that is actually true. If we are very concerned about this possibility occurring, then our value for alpha shoul d be small. There is a bit of a trade-off here. The smaller the alpha, the most costly the experiment. The values 0.05 and 0.01 are common values used for alpha, but any positive number between 0 and 0.50 could be used for a significance level. Determine which statistic and distribution we should use. The type of distribution is dictated by features of the data. Common distributions include z score, t score, and chi-squared.Find the test statistic and critical value for this statistic. Here we will have to consider if we are conducting a two-tailed test (typically when the alternative hypothesis contains a â€Å"is not equal to† symbol, or a one-tailed test (typically used when an inequality is involved in the statement of the alternative hypothesis).From the type of distribution, confidence level, critical value, and test statistic we sketch a graph.If the test statistic is in our critical region, then we must reject the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis stands. If the test statistic is not in our critical region, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This does not prove that the null hypothesis is true, but gives a way to quantify how likely it is to be true.We now state the results of the hypothesi s test in such a way that the original claim is addressed. The p-Value Method The p-value method is nearly identical to the traditional method. The first six steps are the same. For step seven we find the test statistic and p-value. We then reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than or equal to alpha. We fail to reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is greater than alpha. We then wrap up the test as before, by clearly stating the results.

Focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Focus - Essay Example As a result, there was mass migration as they sought settlement to countries that they could live, achieve and participate as equal citizens. America offered such opportunities welcoming all immigrants owing to its developing industrial capabilities. There was a surge of Jewish immigrants from in mid-nineteenth century following a new era of violence and anti-Jewish sentiments in most regions of Europe. The interactions between Americans and immigrants was characterised by inclusion and assimilation where the immigrants adopted a new culture in order to fit into the new country (Klinger n.d).This was guaranteed by the American legal system, which acknowledged that all men were created equal and as such, they deserved equal opportunities in America. This is as opposed to the European version that described Jews by appearance, cultural, social and religious positions. Moreover, legal impositions in Europe by the majority Christian population were vastly strict against the Jews. However , the tranquillity that existed ceased in its roots as a court case legally established that the separation and discrimination were synonymous. This established ground for open discrimination against fellow Americans based on the colour of their skin as opposed to what they can do. In other words, the court assertion made discrimination legal thus legalising bigotry. This marks the beginning of racism and discrimination against Jew living in America (Foner, 2012). Arthur Miller’s novel is set in New York as the Second World War ends to be a direct confrontation to American anti-Semitism. The book focuses on Lawrence Newman, an American of English descent, and the personnel manager in large company who quits his job citing mistreatment. This owes to his resemblance to Jews after acquiring glasses, a sentiment shared by his mother. He shares prejudices of his neighbours who seem determined to confront a Jewish candy storeowner until he is on the receiving end of similar prejudi ces. Miller highlights discriminatory acts against Jews living in America in his time, which involves hiring procedures, residential places, political participation among others. Jews were denied employment opportunities in most establishments and applicants had to under vigorously screening to edge out Jewish candidates. The tactics used in denying such opportunities include exclusion, tokenism and quota system especially private industries with executive and management levels (Glock, 1979).As such, the Jews had difficulty in obtaining or maintaining positions in places of employment. This is echoed in Focus as Miller, describes how Newman has difficulty in landing a new job following his resemblance to Jews. Ironically, when he gets one, he is employed in a Jewish establishment that seems to embrace all. Similarly, the public generated negative sentiments towards the presence of Jewish residents within their neighbourhood. As such, extreme groups such as the Christian Front sought to engage violently their Jewish neighbours in a bid to scare them off the neighbourhood. The negative attitude towards Jews left no room for tolerance, which saw residents attached for their religious beliefs. This is no different in Miller’s book when alliances are forged against Jews ‘elements’ in the Focus neighbourhood. Jews were also not admitted in social clubs such as country clubs among other public places on a regular basis. This can be attributed to the social status of the members who were accorded respect depending on the company

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing Essay

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing research(implications, advantages & disadvantages) - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market   research   is   a   systematic,   objective   collection   and   analysis   of   data   about   a   particular   target   market,   competition,   and/or   environment.   This   type   of   research   must   always   have   some   form   of   data   collection,   whether   it   be   secondary   research   or   primary   research,   which   is   collected   direct   from   a   respondent.   There   are   two   types   of   research:   quantitative   and   qualitative.   Quantitative   research   involves   numbers.   An   example,   a   fast   food   chain   might   ask   customers   to   rate   the   service   as   excellent,   good,   poor   or   very   poor.   Qualitative   research   tries   to   understand   how   or   why   things   are   the   way   they    are.   The   research   involves   more   Ã‚  face-to-face   contact.   An   example,   a   research   might   ask   a   consumers   why   they   have   decided   to   buy   a   certain   type   of   soft   drink.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   Internet   has   changed   how   marketing   research   has   changed   internationally.   Why,   percentage   wise,   half   the   homes   in   the   United   States   have   computers.   This   movement   came   about   for   four   reasons:   the   prices   of   personal   computers   are   decreasing,   current   home   connections,   slow,   but   are   now   becoming   more   rapid,   companies   are   spending   large   amounts   of   money   on   small   internet- only   computers,   and   the   introduction   of   web   television.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All   these   factors   have,   and   will   continue   to   increase   the   number   of   people   with   access   to   the   internet.   What   will   also   increase   is   the   potential   to   gather   information   from   consumers,   access   secondary   data   sources,   advertise   and   sell   products.   This   is  

Comparing Escape in Madame Bovary and Fathers & Sons Essay -- comparis

Madame Bovary and Fathers & Sons Many people have a difficult time dealing with the real world. These people search desperately for one thing: release from the toils of everyday life. Basarov in Fathers & Sons and Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary are also searching for an escape - through romance. Each character follows their own misguided thoughts and emotions. And by the end of their respective novels, each will have to come to terms with their decisions in dealing with an idealistic romanticism. Basarov, through most of the novel, is the personification of abstinence. He is introduced as a nihilist, "a person who does not take any principle for granted, however much that principle may be revered"(94). He denies the existence of anything that cannot be verified by empirical methods. To him, the world in one big laboratory, with laws waiting to be defined by experimentation and reasoning according to cold hard facts. A great deal of his time is spent in such experimentation. He is a doctor, educated in the sciences at the university in Petersburg, and applies his learning regularly during his nature walks at Maryino and with Madame Odintsov. He also exhibits other, less laudable characteristics as a result of his approach to life. Basically, he has trouble getting along with people. His arrogance and aloofness, especially in dealing with the "provincial aristocrats" (Pavel and Nikolai Petrovich), cause much conflict and ill will at Maryino: "[Pavel] regarded him as an arrogant , impudent fellow, a cynic and a vulgarian. He suspected that Basarov... all but despised him.... Nikolai Petrovich was slightly apprehensive of the young 'nihilist' and was doubtful whether his influence on Arkady was desirable"(117). Basarov detache... ...ent he thought of her; he could easily have mastered his blood but something else was taking possession of him, something he had never allowed, at which he had always scoffed, at which all his pride revolted"(170). Finally, early one morning in a fit of emotion, Basarov finally declares his mad, idiotic love to Anna. She responds with, "You have misunderstood me," and the two part company in confusion (183). The matter goes unresolved until a final scene at Basarov's deathbed. Neither Emma nor Basarov realize their fault in time. Emma returns to reality just in time to see her life crumbling and can't deal with it, committing suicide as a final escape. Basarov realizes his love for Anna only as he lay dying of typhus. So it appears neither had the correct approach to life. Maybe the correct approach is one of moderation; a balance of cold reason and glowing passion.

College Essay: Loosing School Essay

â€Å"If you don’t want to take school seriously, then I guess I’ll look forward to seeing you working your shift at McDonald’s when I stop by for the fries†. This is what my mom told me when I was an eighth grader. My parents are very accomplished people; my mother is a registered nurse and my father is a lawyer. So her words cut deep and hit me where it hurt. Why was she telling me this? Because I deserved every bit of it. I was at a point in my life when I was very immature. I was a bad egg, a wannabe â€Å"cool kid†, and a class clown. I used to be a small kid, but I grew taller way before others in my own age group. So after a while, my self-esteem rose back to its normal height and I became used to being the biggest kid in my class. This followed me all through middle school. When I was an eighth grader, I took advantage of this and used the size of my body to inflict fear in other students. Not only did I utilize my height as a fear factor, but also I imposed dread with the people I hung around. I was what is described as a â€Å"tomboy†, and I was friends with guys that I would use as threats to get what I desired from others. I was a bully. My school was quite loose with the bullying policy, so every time I got in trouble, I would weasel myself out of the situation by getting my friends to bear false witness to my fabricated stories. By the middle of the school year, it seemed like I was more feared than adored by most of my fellow students. This should have sickened me, but instead it gave me a twisted sense of pride. The school district was ready to suspend me. Not only was I making my fellow classmates uncomfortable, but it was now affecting my academics. And ever since I first learned the meaning of the word â€Å"important†, my parents have hounded into my head that academics are crucial to my future; academics determine your future existence. What kind of reputation was I leaving for the Michaels family name? As soon as I would leave middle school and enter high school, my brother would be entering middle school. He didn’t deserve to cross the threshold of elementary to middle school with a bad reputation waiting for him. On the days I was in a better mood, I would let my poor friend choice control me and I would walk around with my â€Å"friends† and skip class. Even  when I did go to class, I would show up to class late. I lived fairly far from school, so I had to take the bus to school. Both of my parents worked early; by the time I had to wake up for school, they were on their way out and headed to work. This meant that if I chose not to go to school I could stay home. Even if I was late and missed the bus, I had no way to get to school. Now, not only did I have a chance of getting suspended or even expelled for bullying, but also because of my poor attendance. And because I was rarely in class, my grades were suffering, lowering my GPA and almost making it harder to graduate and move on into high school. And this was quite ironic, considering that I had always been known as a bright child before this charade began. With all the stress of strenuous work and a full schedule, my father now also had to worry about what was going on with me. And it was safe to say that I had always been what is known as a â€Å"daddy’s girl†, so this extremely discomforted him. He was constantly receiving phone calls from school teachers and counselors, constantly having to take days off of work to have parent/teacher meetings. All of this was driving my father insane, emotional-wise. He was at a breaking point. It was only after he told me that if I was going to waste his time and so much of his feelings going to school only to act insubordinate, then I should at least have the decency to tell him forthrightly. He went back to school as a middle-aged man to pursue his dream of being a lawyer because when he was younger he did not have the opportunity. My father is essentially a walking illustration of the American Dream, and I cannot believe that at that point in time I could not see that. It was these words that put me in a very doleful state of mind. After that talk from my father, I actually took the time to sit down and evaluate the things I was doing and how they were going to affect me and the family I love. It was the summer before my first year of high school that I broke down and did nothing but cried. Cried because of the position I put my parents in, the way I made them look, the way I made them feel. Cried because my parents abandoned the life they had in their native land to migrate to this beautiful country, to strive for the American dream. My dad left his family at the age of 22 and my mother at age 19 and they endured  the many turn-downs they got while trying to obtain a visa. They arrived in a place thousands of miles from home, where the language was foreign, the money was different and the people were prejudiced. He was often put down because of the color of his skin, but he was determined to start a life in the U.S. and determined to give his kids the life he never had. And here I was, throwing it all away because of my negligence and my immaturity. I could not live with myself knowing I was discounting my parents’ struggles, all of their hopes and dreams. From that point on, I made it my goal to never make my parents go through something like that ever again. To this day I can say that I have been true to my word. Everything about me has been a complete 180 degrees from the person I was in middle school. The people I call my friends, the way I think, and even the way I dress have changed. They now reflect the person I am today: all of my hopes and achievements.

Gun Control Laws Do Not Reduce Gun Violence - 779 Words

Gun control laws Introduction: I believe that gun control laws will actually increase robberies, murders, and other crime. Think of it like this ok, you and your kids are sleeping in your beds. Then you hear your front door being kicked in. You see people walking around your house stealing your tv’s, your kids game systems, computers, and jewelry. You begin to go for the phone and call 911, but they see you and they start to run at you and your kids with a knife. Would you rather have a gun or another knife in this situation? The point is, that criminals don’t want to go try and rob somebody if that person has an arsenal in their closet. If people don’t have guns then criminals will not care to rob, hurt, or even kill them. Body paragraph 1: There is no relationship between gun control laws and crime rates. In the text â€Å"Gun Control Laws Do Not Reduce Gun Violence†, John Moorhouse states that a study he did on gun control laws and gun fatalities found no evidence to support a relationship between the two. His position is important because John and I have the same position on gun control laws. If they have no relation then there is no reason to have the gun laws in the first place. In the text â€Å"Gun Control Laws Do Not Reduce Gun Violence† John Moorhouse also states â€Å"we found very strong evidence that high crime rates lead to more stringent gun control laws. But subsequent that, there was no impact on crime rates.† Moorhouse’s research is important because it comes toShow MoreRelatedPresident Obama s 2015 Executive Actions On Gun Control1242 Words   |  5 PagesActions on Gun Control. National Conference of State Legislatures. 5 Jan. 2016. Web. 09 Jan. 2016. President Obama s 2015 Executive Actions on Gun Control. Susan Frederick is the senior federal affairs counsel at National Conference of State Legislatures. She writes an article, President Obama s 2015 Executive Actions on Gun Control, in which she gives an overview of President Obama’s actions regarding gun regulation policy. Frederick begins by writing that the new regulations towards gun control areRead MoreShould Gun Control Laws be Stricter?1336 Words   |  6 PagesShould gun control laws be stricter? Every day some news related to gun violence are being heard all over the world. Shooting in driveway, public places, schools, homicide and suicide are some of different types of gun violence. Shooting on people and killing them is a big issue in the world and different comments are provided about that. One of the most important of them is about gun control laws. Stingl (2013) says â€Å"The term gun control as it is used in the United States refers to any action takenRead MoreStronger Gun Control Will Save Lives an Article by Christine Watkins876 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control in America is seen as ineffective, citizens believe gun control laws in place are not protecting lives, but taking them away. In order to solve this problem, many think more laws should be put in place. By doing so, they believe guns would no longer be in the hands of criminals and lives would not be ended before their time. In Christine Watkins’s article, â€Å"Stronger Gun Control Will Save Livesà ¢â‚¬  She explains that if guns were objects that truly kept us safe, America would be the safestRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1420 Words   |  6 Pagesresult of gun violence. Millions more have been the victim of assaults, robberies, and other crimes involving a gun† (â€Å"FACT SHEET: New Executive Actions to Reduce Gun Violence and Make Our Communities Safer†). Gun Control is one of the main political issues that has been debated for years now; Guns have led to the mass increase of fatalities and deaths in the U.S. today, being a controversial issue for the past decade. From assassinations, to mass shootings, and homicides, every time guns and violenceRead MoreThe Crime Rates Of Murder And Suicide1018 Words   |  5 Pages18, 2015 â€Å"Gun Control in America† The crime rates of murder and suicide is increasing due to guns being handled by different people in our society. Should the American government enforce new gun control laws in our country? This topic matters because gun control will make the country a safer place to live in. However, some people believe that gun control will take over citizen’s rights and isn’t a great idea. Gun control should be enforced by the government because it would help to reduce mass murdersRead MoreGun Control Laws On The United States And Other Countries891 Words   |  4 PagesComparatively gun control laws with the United States and other countries: What could be done to reduce gun violence in the United States, by comparing gun control laws with other countries to see weather or not gun laws are effective? I feel comparing gun control laws between other countries to see how their laws are in effect with lowering gun violence, so we could get a better understanding on what we could do as a country to help reduce gun violence or to see if gun control is even affective. Gun controlRead MoreGun Control Laws Should Be Enacted1334 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America Gun Control in America has been argued back and forth for decades past. On one side it is strongly believed that the Second Amendment suggests that individual citizens have a constitutionally protected right to own a gun and protect themselves. These individuals believe that gun control laws do not in fact reduce gun violence. On the other side it is said if Gun Control laws are enacted there would be less gun and school violence. Also, it would be harder for criminals andRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1424 Words   |  6 Pagesto the creation of guns. A repeating firearm is a firearm that holds more that one cartridge and can be fired more than once between chargings. Gun control should be enforced more because it will help prevent violence, it can help stop crime, and although some people may argue that gun control should not be enforced because guns can help save people’s lives but they are wrong because people misuse guns. Gun control should be enforced more because it will prevent violence such as mass shootingsRead MoreSocial Issues Of Gun Control1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of guns is one of the most prominent social problems in the United States, and every time after the shooting incident, the voice of gun control became to rise and the debate of banning guns emerge again. What People can do is only to offer their condolences, griefs and protests for gun violence, and stand for moments of silence. People still don’t have any law of gun control in return even if in the face of these bloody statistics. Because this issue is not just a simple social problemRead MoreGun Rights - Right Or Wrong? . 28Th March 2017, Us History1534 Words   |  7 PagesGun Rights - Right or Wrong? 28th March 2017, US history I (R) block-3, Mr Hill Gun control is a major part of American Politics. One problem in the gun control discussion is if the people should have the right to â€Å"Conceal-and-carry† weapons with them all the time.The Founding Fathers saw owning a gun   as a means to protect against tyrannical rule. America’s foundation was built with firearms. Ever since America’s freedom from Britain, American’s have been enthralled with firearms. A part of our

Review of Literature on Six Sigma in the in Service Sector

Review of Literature on Six Sigma in the in Service sector Mr. Ashokanand Dr. S. Balasubramanian Research Scholar Research Supervisor Anna University Coimbatore Anna University Coimbatore Coimbatore Coimbatore Abstract In the software industry, Hong and Goh [1] address some common misconceptions on the potential of Six Sigma in software, as well as some actual practical challenges. A framework is suggested both for top managers and practitioners and for managers interested in exploiting the benefits of statistical analysis in general, and the Six Sigma statistical process in particular. Six Sigma†¦show more content†¦The company has demonstrated that Six Sigma could lead to higher quality output, increased productivity, and energised employees. Today, records available in the public domain indicate that more than 30,000 employees have been trained in Six Sigma, with plans to complete GreenBelt training for all salaried employees. Globally, over 11,000 projects have closed and more than 12,000 projects are currently underway. Apart from implementing Six Sigma within the organization, 3M has demonstrated the need to assist their customers in developing creative solutions for their business and manufacturing challenges. Hundreds of 3M industrial business-customer Six Sigma projects have been accomplished. Here, three examples are given of a major automotive manufacturer, a well-known food producer, and a leading manufacturer who had quality problems. The automotive manufacturer had a significant challenge with its largest-selling vehicles. 3M assisted in using Six Sigma to provide a cost effective solution in a short time frame. The well-known food producer needed to keep track of the product that its makes and ships. In the event of a product recall, it needed to locate every food item shipped, right down to the hour it left the production line. With the assistance of the 3M Six Sigma project, 3M-developedShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Theoretical Strategies For Business Process Improvement And Successful Change Management Essay2446 Words   |  10 PagesConstruct a fully referenced literature review to compare and contrast theoretical strategies for business process improvement and successful change management. All reports must include references to Six Sigma and Lean. I – INTRODUCTION Over multiple years, humans have evolved in many different ways, allowing them to adapt to their environment. Intellectually or physically mankind has shown facilities to conquer new grounds of reworking themselves towards better outcomes. In the business world,Read MoreSix Sigma and Project Management Literature Review Essay6476 Words   |  26 PagesINTEGRATION OF SIX SIGMA AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT LITERATURE RESEARCH 1. Introduction In todays global business environment, the importance of first-to-market, customer service, cost-competitiveness, and quality are key factors in determining an organizations success, or undesirable failure. Manufacturers, engineering and transactional firms share a drive to lower costs, reduce cycle time and offer a diverse product mix as they pursue higher profits and an increased market share in a growingRead MoreWhat Is Transformational Leadership And Process Improvement Training And Certification Program5008 Words   |  21 Pagesand Process Improvement training and certification program. This dissertation project and training program leverages existing frameworks of the Management and Strategic Institute, Bakke Graduate University Transformational Leadership concepts and Six Sigma methodologies to ensure that transformational leadership concepts were seamlessly integrated, easily recognizable and accredited. This dissertation project has generated revenue close to $1,000 to d ate. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONRead MoreImplementing lean six sigma for process improvement Essay2332 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿IMPLEMENTING LEAN SIX SIGMA FOR PROCESS IMPROVEMENT ILI MARINI BT ZAINAL ABIDIN 1. ABSTRACT Lean Six Sigma approach is recognized widely and has been implemented predominately in manufacturing rather than other industries. To illustrate the point, this paper draws attention to the adoption of Lean Six Sigma in various industries with a case study. The combination of Lean tools and Six Sigma methodology is used to improve the process and quality by eliminating the variations andRead MoreEvaluating and Improving Hr Practices Within an Organization3146 Words   |  13 Pagesemploy innovative concepts from modern personnel management literature, such as Six Sigma (http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v003/3.1raschke.html ). This paper discuss various methodologies that large corporations, government agencies and even the U.S. military are using to improve their HR practices within their respective organizations. Utilizing Six Sigma in HR Practices Six Sigma is defined as a rigorous and disciplined methodology that utilizesRead MoreSummer Internship Report on Madura Garments6439 Words   |  26 PagesProject Report On Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM – 18 Under the guidance of [pic] National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P.O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 Date of Submission: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Read MoreSummer Internship Report on Madura Garments6431 Words   |  26 PagesProject Report On Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM – 18 Under the guidance of [pic] National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P.O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 Date of Submission: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Certificate of Supervision Read MoreThe Theory Of Constraints, Lean Manufacturing And Six Sigma2358 Words   |  10 Pagesthe existing system are developed further in to easier way. The main objective of this project is to study, investigate and compare the potentials of lean, six sigma and theory of constraints when applied in an integrated way in productive systems. The results of this study suggest that the Theory of Constraints, Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma have many similar quality elements that overlap the different points and there is a big space of research to be explored on this issue. The overarching premiseRead MoreStudy On Lean Manufacturing And Its Outcomes Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial services can benefit from adopting lean philosophy. As long as a company can identify a value stream, from when the customer order product to when they receive it. Seven Types of Wastes in Lean Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing focuses on seven types of wastes which are below - 1. Waiting Time spent waiting for items required to complete a task (i.e. Information, Material, Supplies, and Instruction etc. 2. Unnecessary Motion Any motion that does not add value to a product or service 3. OverRead MoreEnhancing Product Flow Using Theory Of Constraints And Lean Essay5012 Words   |  21 Pagesbe enhanced using various methodologies like Theory of constraints and Lean manufacturing. It also talks about the overlapping of Toc and Lean With agile manufacturing and the integration of Toc, Lean and Six sigma in the conclusion. Keywords: Theory of constraints, Lean, Agile, Six Sigma INTRODUCTION The world is growing leaps and bounds when it comes to business compared to the previous years and it continues to see this growth in the future years. Globalisation has played a major role

Effects of Technological Advancements on Health - 976 Words

Technology: Effects of Technological Advancements on Health â€Å"Estimated 7–10 billion medical tests are performed each year. Test results play a critical role in health assessment, influencing the majority of medical decisions.† (Hyattsville 2) Ever since the 1800s, scientists have been able to look and study different diseases to find ways to cure people. Scientists create new technological advancements to fight these diseases. Ever since then the race to create technological advancements started more and more technological advancements are created. These technological advancements have a great impact on our health and have many causes and effects. To what effect do technological advancements affect our health? History Throughout history, technology has changed the way we survive. As technological advancements progress more diseases can be treated and eradicated. One company found that technological progress increases, not decreases. According to the Engineering Systems Division in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, technological progress increases â€Å"square root of the logarithmic error growing linearly with the forecasting horizon at a typical rate of 2.5% per year†.( McNerney J, ect Para. 2 ) The technological progressions are influenced by health and millions of people have been cured due to new technology. Historically, people would attempt to cure illnesses by magic or bloodletting, which did not stop the disease. Throughout the history of medicalShow MoreRelatedHistorical Perspectives Of Health Care Delivery System926 Words   |  4 PagesTechnological advances Technology has been advancing every day, which has tremendous effects on the lifestyle of people. People are dependent on technology, and as a lifestyle of people change, a demand of advance technology grows. Technological advancement has both positive and negative effects, for instance, benefits of technological advancement are time saving, increases the production, simplifies the communication, improved the health care and education and others. On the other hand, technologyRead MoreThe Effects Of New Technology On The Agricultural Sector Of Dairy Farming Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry process, addressed to Associate Professor Bridges. Technological advancement has transformative effects within the agricultural sector of dairy farming in New Zealand. This review will be looking specifically at the effects of new technology which could revolutionise milking on dairy farms through the use of robots milking cows in situ in the paddocks. To explore the change issues related to this, this review explores its potential effects on labourers within the farming sector, farm managingRead MoreTechnology Advancements895 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment to several necessary and desired advancements in technology over the next ten years that could affect El Arco and the world as well. My business partners and I have decided to invest a large percentage of our working capital in technology. We have hired someone to research the possible technological advances for the future so that we can decide which companies we want to invest our money in. Technology Advancements in the Future and El Arco Introduction Read MoreUnbridled Technology1083 Words   |  5 Pagesnonstop communication anywhere at any time. But are these technological advancements a good thing? The youth of today are constantly immersed in these technological advancements whether through cell phones, gaming systems, or laptops. As technology continues to advance it is negatively affecting our health, communication skills, and the education of youth. Technology has indeed made a tremendous impact to society; health problems caused by modern technology have evolved into anRead MoreTechnology And Social Problems1229 Words   |  5 PagesEvery aspect of life in the society has embraced modernization and gained more technological advancement because of the presence of computers, cell phones, television, internet and industries of every kind. Communication has also taken the shape of emails and text messages as well as business systems such as online libraries, e buying, and online banking. Even though technology has contributed a lot towards the advancement of the society today, the truth is it has also brought a negative impact on theRead MoreTechnology Is Changing The Way We Live872 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern life in many ways and as it keeps advancing many are wondering if we can keep up. These effects are positive, negative or sometimes even both. Technology impacts everything, but it has a large impact on the future of the en vironment, education, our health and jobs. The future of technology is moving at an electric rate; it has our communities wondering if we can keep up. Technological advancements rapidly growing can leave society in a difficult place that could potentially destroy the worldRead MorePositives And Negatives Of Technology1037 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents to learn from home. Technology and health information are connected through patients researching information online about their health. This is crucial because there s risk that involve patient security, but health electronic records make it easier for employees to keep up with patient records. In order for us to determine how technology should be integrated in our lives, we have to analyze the positives and negatives that come with a technological advanced future. Technology is changingRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Patient Care957 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-first century as it continues to improve everyday life. Technological benefits have expanded into the healthcare setting and has greatly impacted the medical field. Specifically looking at the nurse’s role, technology has eased interdisciplinary communication, accurate documentation, and reduced medical errors-at least that is the idea. Since a large portion of the nursing population was neither raised nor educated with technological knowledge, this raises a very interesting question. In acuteRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreEngineered Nanoparticles: A Cause for Responsible Innovation Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesand major innovative force amongst the scientific community, and the increasing incorporation of engineered nanoparticles into consumer products has presented very real health and environmental risks. A growing public debate has arisen weighing the societal induced benefits against the potentially adverse ecotoxicological effects this technology may impose upon humans as well as the surrounding environm ent. Unfortunately, there remains significant scientiï ¬ c uncertainty regarding the behaviour of

Mcgregors Theories X and Y Free Essays

Compare McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y style of leadership and consider the types of organizations in which each style of leadership might be most appropriate. Douglas McGregor devised his concept of Theory X and Theory Y in the USA in the 1950’s using a survey of managers, which he then proposed in his book, ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’ in the 1960’s. Theory X states that a manager distrusts his subordinates, believes they don’t enjoy work and therefore must be controlled. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcgregors Theories X and Y or any similar topic only for you Order Now Theory Y, on the other hand, speculates that a manager believes their employees enjoy work and wish to contribute, the manager is therefore more likely to include them in the decision making process and employ a more democratic style of leadership (Marcousse 2003). The two theories are not opposite ends of one spectrum, but rather two separate lines of continuum that describes the attitude and perception a manager has of their employees. The type of motivation that the employees receive from their manager is down to their management style. These Theories match up with Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’. McGregor makes the point that the way in which a manager runs and controls his team has massive impacts on the happiness in employees, relating to esteem and self actualisation. These are two factors of motivation mentioned by Maslow in his theory. In comparing these two theories, X and Y, we must take into account different factors that may affect the two ideas and how they may do so in different scenarios or places of work. The general idea is that Theory Y is the path of the â€Å"enlightened manager† (Chapman 1995) who runs a democratic form of leadership, and that it receives better results than theory X, whose manager employs more of an autocratic dictatorship. However this cannot always be believed. In different cases a manager may do better in his work to tell employees the best and most effective way to complete a task, knowing through experience. FW Taylor (1856-1917) believed in efficiency and complete control of a task provided to the manager. This idea related to such methods as the assembly line, a process broken down into simple tasks and completed individually by a group of workers along a line. Employed by such companies as Ford in the early 1900’s, in producing cars, this method gave great results, however keeping workers motivated was difficult, part of Taylor’s method was to â€Å"devise a pay scheme to reward those who complete or beat tough output targets, but penalize those who cannot, or will not, achieve the productivity Taylor believed was possible. (pg 218) For the manager, Theory X is a self – fulfilling method, the workers are likely to develop a lack in interest in their work and do it solely for the wage (Marcousse 2003). There are two scenarios in which Theory X can escape a degree of criticism for producing a lack of motivation from its workers(Marcousse 2003). The part time worker has partially already given in to the idea that they will not be receiving much independence and del egation of responsibility. This is due to the amount of time they have committed to their work. For example, a part time security guard might be asked to stand guard on a gate for an hour every morning to let personnel through, however once they have completed this task they are unlikely to achieve much more than changing the channel on their TV. The job simply requires a pair of eyes at one point in the morning, and the rest of the time they are simply on call. There is no enjoyment or form of learning with this job; the part time worker is simply there to take home some money at the end of the month, satisfying his basic needs for financial security, a mutual understanding between employer and employee. A large majority of the time there is little for the security guard to watch over. When something does arise that requires more attention, someone of higher authority is only a phone call away. In this, theory X is the logical management style, as to use theory Y would mean a greater chance of mistakes being made by someone who doesn’t have the same experience and qualifications as the elected official. The other scenario is in a moment of chaos (Marcousse 2003). At this point, due to the limited time scale in such moments, someone needs to take full control and make quick decisive decisions. Such a case is easily understood when put into the confines of an army unit under fire. Someone must give direct orders to keep the enemy under pressure and move their men to safety, or face either death or capture. Theory Y would consume too much time to listen to all possible ideas and make a decision, with young men who have been trained to take orders rather than come up with them. Efficiency is the key in this scenario, Taylor would be completely right in giving total control to a senior soldier to try and ensure the safety of his soldiers. Encouraging an employee to work for a great amount of time during the week or without the threat of danger How to cite Mcgregors Theories X and Y, Essay examples

Case Management free essay sample

While the case manager is responsible for the process of treatment, the ultimate outcome lies with the client. Case management was developed in the late 1960’s early 1970’s by mental health and social service workers to provide services to the criminal justice population (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999). The primary purpose of case management is to enable juveniles to use their natural strengths and resources to achieve their goals. Since family is a fundamental element of a young persons support system, they are also included in the treatment process. Family members need just as much help as the juveniles most times. However, there are other key factors in the process of reducing juvenile delinquency. Such as, juvenile courts, schools, police, and community- based programs. Case management is defined as ways to utilize resources geared toward meeting the needs of its clients. Case management is multi-faceted. The process of treatment includes: accessing client needs, finding services, developing a plan of care, monitoring client progress, modifying the treatment plan as needed, and being there with them through every step of the way(Wraparound, N/A). The main objective is to improve the functioning of the juvenile by providing quality services in an efficient manner; the goals are to guide the juvenile and their family through the course of service providers (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999). By empowering juveniles to use their strengths and resources, the system hopes to reduce recidivism and relapse (Roberts, 2004). The three models of case management are: strength-based, assertive, and mixed model. Each model has its own approach in how is used. The first model discussed is strength-based which was introduced in the 1980s. Typically, this model begins with an assessment of the individuals strengths that can be used to face the problems they are facing. This model is passive and is based on the premise that the client will recognize their own strengths and build on them through treatments and service plans (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999). Even when they are opposed to help they possess a psychological self wisdom that can cause them to discover for themselves their inner strengths. This will help to make significant improvements in facing lifes challenges. The second model discussed of case management is the assertive model. This approach is more aggressive. When this model of care is used, the majority of services are provided outside of an office setting and they will even go as far as finding them at their homes or in neighborhoods (Roberts, 2004). As a result, an emphasis is placed on outreach and relationship building through the communities. The third model is the mixed model which is a combination of the other two models. This approach is for the case manager to take on a therapeutic role. This model is the most common of the three models because it allows the case manager to better deal with the individual personalities and needs of their clients. Each juvenile is different and requires different service that others may not require. Case management does not just require education and counseling. There are six basic elements that will support a successful juvenile justice case management: Case assessment and classification, Case planning, Performance of services, Monitoring and enforcement of supervision and treatment, Recordkeeping, and case closure. These elements are exactly how they sound. It is a process that has different steps to achieve the highest success goals. The first part case assessment and classification is trying to figure out the youth’s position based on his needs to find the right resources to help the individual overcome. The second element is case planning. This part is when the individual’s needs are planned out based on the situation he/she was in and figuring out the fix it plan. The third part is performance of services. This entails which plan will be best based on the youths needs. I say this because each case may be similar but will require different training to help the individual succeed. The fourth part of the process is Monitoring and enforcement of supervision and treatment. I see this as being the trial and error. The individual is watched starting day zero and is continued to look at while participating. This will help to see if the individual is changing for the good or is there another approach that might help them succeed more. The fifth part is recordkeeping. This is where everything the individual goes through is documented to see where the individuals is improving throughout the process and where they might not be improving. The last part is case closure. This part either is where a celebration is made for the individual or where they say the individual might need more assistance to help him/her get to the celebration phase (Roberts, 2004). All parties involved with a certain case need to work together weather they work in the same place or not. The individual’s outcome is not only is their hands, but it is also in the hands of the case manager. The process needs to be captured before, during, and after. This will help the case manager with every step of the process to rehabilitate the individuals where they do not relapse. To stop a problem before it starts or so a juvenile does not go down the wrong track again. Intensive monitoring is a must for clients with substance abuse problems. and may consist of frequent drug or alcohol testing (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999) . Over time, more responsibility for avoiding relapse should be given to the client, therefore, less monitoring may be required. The process of evaluation ensures that the plan for the individuals is being followed. Reports from service providers and family members as well as program attendance and recidivism are factors that can be used to determine the success of treatment. There are other factors that can also be used to determine the success of the care plan. The quality of service delivery is a main part to have success. Knowing someone is there for them can mean the world to some of the individuals. It wasnt until the early 1900s that there was an issue with juveniles and mental health cases. This led to the creation of the Child Guidance Movement. From this movement came the creation of clinics which collaborated with the juvenile courts to provide much needed help to both troubled juveniles and their families (Roberts, 2004. Although there seems to be a lack of trained mental health professionals in the juvenile justice system, there are a number of screening tools that can be useful even for untrained staff. The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument and the Brief Symptom Inventory (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999) are tools used to measure distress and psychological symptoms of youth entering the system. Parents, teachers, juvenile courts and other service providers are a valuable source of background information regarding problems or symptoms the juvenile may be experiencing. Because of the valuable information each source can provide, they are an important part of the treatment team. Various studies have led to some clear cut methods of reducing delinquency and alleviating the symptoms of mental illness among juveniles. Among these methods are the effective treatment approaches. These approaches are best when used with at- risk juveniles who have yet to become involved with the juvenile justice system. They also need to take place at more than one level and address all of the risk factors. The contraindicated treatment approaches include adult facilities, boot camps and incarceration (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999). According to some research, these methods may actually make matters worse for the juvenile and their families (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999). It has been found that incarcerating juvenile in adult facilities only serves to turn them into smarter criminals. Likewise, boot camps not only lack adequate treatment opportunities, they can also become a source of stress and prevent progress. The fight to reduce juvenile delinquency has, over time, involved numerous community-based strategies. One of the most widely recognized of these programs is the Chicago Area Project. Established in 1929, the aim of this program is the prevention of juvenile delinquency by improving life within the community. In order to facilitate these changes, the program recognizes that each community has resources to solve its own problems. Community organizing, direct services and advocacy are used to empower communities and their natural leaders to work together to improve life within the neighborhood. By using neighborhood centers, recreational facilities, or educational centers, the project is working to empower formerly impoverished neighborhoods to develop leaders within the community, assess needs and develop plans to meet these needs, improve the educational and vocational skills of local youth, demonstrate financial independence, and create a network of agencies to meet the needs of the community (About Chicago Area Project) . Currently, the project is using a number of programs to fight delinquency in what can be considered delinquent neigborhoods. Founded in 1961, the New York City Mobilization for Youth has become the model for several federally funded youth programs (Roberts, Mobilization for Youth, 2004) . While geared toward low income minority groups living in slum neighborhoods, this project continues to serve a diverse population of New York residents. Like the Chicago Area Project, it is a collection of action programs with an emphasis on improving areas of life such as community organization, education, employment, and group service. Yet another delinquency prevention project was Bostons Midcity Project. Created in the 1950s, this project served the lower-class neighborhoods of Boston (Roberts, Bostons Midcity Project (1954-1957), 2004) . This project adopted a total community approach and was aimed at improving three specific areas of life: the family, the gang, and the community. An emphasis was put on working with gangs. The Midcity project was unique among the other juvenile projects in that it used professional social workers, each worker was assigned to one particular group and worked with that group for an extended period of time. Workers also had regular access to psychiatric professionals. Bostons Midcity Project an evaluation of the program showed results that do not set standards. In fact only one area showed any improvement-school oriented behavior. Other areas such as major offenses among young males showed the largest increase. Because it did not deliver the desired results, the project ended in 1957 (Case Management in the Criminal Justice System, 1999) (Roberts, 2004). To close an Army Physical Training formation there are three easy steps. Attention, Assemble to the right, march, and fall out. I continue to compare the army with case management. At the end of the road with a case it should be smooth from dealing with all the previous steps beforehand. With the right commands and the correct heart these individuals can lead a successful life to become great mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, and overall good people. Remember, time is not of the essence when dealing with case management. It is a step by step process that when ran correctly has good endings.

My Side Of The Mountain Essays (837 words) - My Side Of The Mountain

My Side Of The Mountain My Side of the Mountain By Jean Craighead George Sam Gribley is tired of living in a crowded New York City apartment with his dad,mom and 8 brothers and sisters, so he runs away looking for his Great-grandfather Gribley's land in the Catskill Mountain wilderness. The Gribley land had not been inhabited by any Gribley's for around 100 years. Sam hitched rides trying to get to the farm. Sam thought he prepared himself for this adventure by reading books in the New York City public library about how to survive on the land. No one in his family took his plans seriously though. With only a penknife, a ball of cord, forty dollars, and some flint and steel, he relied on his own ingenuity and the resources of the land to survive. Sam arrived in the Catskill's and went to the Delhi library to find information about Gribley's farm. A nice librarian found information that was very old, this helped Sam find the farm. This was the beginning of Sam's great adventure. On his great-grandfather's farm he learns how to survive. At first he struggles to make a fire, then he had trouble whittling wooden fishing hooks to catch fish, but he ended up perfecting the hooks and catching a few fish. He quickly realizes that he needs shelter; just building and staying around a campfire won't do, so he decides to set a fire inside a hemlock tree and hollow himself out a room. Here he builds himself a little hidden home in the forest. His tree home consists of a hidden door made of deerskin, a bed and a fireplace to keep him warn in winter. People come to the forest and are all around him, but they never discover him in his tree home. He struggled every day to find food, only to find that frog legs and turtle soup aren't bad food. He also ate wild onions, acorns, apples, wild strawberries, and sometimes rabbit that he manages to catch in some traps he had built. He finally spots a falcon and decides to catch one of it's babies in the hopes that he can train the falcon. The falcon can then help him catch food. The falcon he caught he name Frightful, because it was very frightening when the falcon's mother tried to attack him, to keep him from getting her baby. Sam spent many days training the falcon. After Frightful became trained she was able to catch many small animals and provide them with food. Sam also struggles with providing himself with clothing. Fortunately for him, a hunter killed a deer in the woods and Sam got to it first and hid it. Later Sam came back for it and eventually made himself a pair of pants from its hide along with eating its meat. This happened a couple of other times so that Sam was able to also make himself a shirt and a blanket from deerskin. All the while, no one realized that Sam lived in the forest. Sam eventually makes a friend he calls Bando, who turns out to be an English professor who had gone exploring in the woods. Bando stays with Sam for the summer and told him he would return at Christmas time. Sam really struggled during the winter, he prepared by storing nuts in another tree close by and then by cutting plenty of firewood And survive he does with only the animals to talk to and Frightful for companionship. Around Christmas time, his friend Bando returns. This time Bando told him that there had been stories circulating in New York City about a wild boy living alone in the forest, but no one could prove it. The stories became huge rumors, newspapermen were poking around the woods trying to find the wild boy. Sam's father realized from the newspaper that it must be Sam they were talking about, so he decided to look for Sam. He finally found Sam and ended up spending Christmas in the forest with Sam, Bando, and Frightful. After Sam's dad left to return to New York City, a newspaperman named Matt Spelling came poking around the forest looking for the wild boy. Matt

Learn about the Doppler Effect

Learn about the Doppler Effect Astronomers study the light from distant objects in order to understand them. Light moves through space at 299,000 kilometers per second, and its path can be deflected by gravity as well as absorbed and scattered by clouds of material in the universe. Astronomers use many properties of light to study everything from planets and their moons to the most distant objects in the cosmos.   Delving into the Doppler Effect One tool they use is the Doppler effect. This is a shift in the frequency or wavelength of radiation emitted from an object as it moves through space. Its named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who first proposed it in 1842.   How does the Doppler Effect work? If the source of radiation, say a star, is moving toward an astronomer on Earth (for example), then the wavelength of its radiation will appear shorter (higher frequency, and therefore higher energy). On the other hand, if the object is moving away from the observer then the wavelength will appear longer (lower frequency, and lower energy). You have probably experienced a version of the effect when you heard a train whistle or a police siren as it moved past you, changing pitch as it passes by you and moves away. The Doppler effect is behind such technologies as police radar, where the radar gun emits light of a known wavelength. Then, that radar light bounces off a moving car and travels back to the instrument. The resulting shift in wavelength is used to calculate the speed of the vehicle. (Note: it is actually a double shift as the moving car first acts as the observer and experiences a shift, then as a moving source sending the light back to the office, thereby shifting the wavelength a second time.) Redshift When an object is receding (i.e. moving away) from an observer, the peaks of the radiation that are emitted will be spaced farther apart than they would be if the source object were stationary. The result is that the resulting wavelength of light appears longer. Astronomers say that it is shifted to the red end of the spectrum. The same effect applies to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as radio, x-ray or gamma-rays. However, optical measurements are the most common and are the source of the term redshift. The more quickly the source moves away from the observer, the greater the redshift. From an energy standpoint, longer wavelengths correspond to lower energy radiation. Blueshift Conversely, when a source of radiation is approaching an observer the wavelengths of light appear closer together, effectively shortening the wavelength of light. (Again, shorter wavelength means higher frequency and therefore higher energy.) Spectroscopically, the emission lines would appear shifted toward the blue side of the optical spectrum, hence the name blueshift. As with redshift, the effect is applicable to other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, but the effect is most often times discussed when dealing with optical light, though in some fields of astronomy this is certainly not the case. Expansion of the Universe and the Doppler Shift Use of the Doppler Shift has resulted in some important discoveries in astronomy. In the early 1900s, it was believed that the universe was static. In fact, this led Albert Einstein to add the cosmological constant to his famous field equation in order to cancel out the expansion (or contraction) that was predicted by his calculation. Specifically, it was once believed that the edge of the Milky Way represented the boundary of the static universe. Then, Edwin Hubble found that the so-called spiral nebulae that had plagued astronomy for decades were not nebulae at all. They were actually other galaxies. It was an amazing discovery and told astronomers that the universe  is much larger than they knew. Hubble then proceeded to measure the Doppler shift, specifically finding the redshift of these galaxies. He found that that the farther away a galaxy is, the more quickly it recedes. This led to the now-famous Hubbles Law, which says that an objects distance is proportional to its speed of recession. This revelation led Einstein to write that his addition of the cosmological constant to the field equation was the greatest blunder of his career. Interestingly, however, some researchers are now placing the constant back into general relativity. As it turns out Hubbles Law is only true up to a point since research over the last couple of decades has found that distant galaxies are receding more quickly than predicted. This implies that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The reason for that is a mystery, and scientists have dubbed the driving force of this acceleration dark energy. They account for it in the Einstein field equation as a cosmological constant  (though it is of a different form than Einsteins formulation). Other Uses in Astronomy Besides measuring the expansion of the universe, the Doppler effect can be used to model the motion of things much closer to home; namely the dynamics of the Milky Way Galaxy. By measuring the distance to stars and their redshift or blueshift, astronomers are able to map the motion of our galaxy and get a picture of what our galaxy may look like to an observer from across the universe. The Doppler Effect  also allows scientists to measure the pulsations of variable stars, as well as motions of particles traveling at incredible velocities inside relativistic jet streams emanating from supermassive black holes. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.